Dma2d Chrom Art Accelerator

Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) 1 x RTC (battery buffered) via CR1632 Holder: 1 x If you require any other feature, please contact emtrion!. Chrom-ART Acceleratorに関しては別名DMA2Dと称されていて文字通り2Dグラフィック特化型DMAです。しかもデータ形式を変換してメモリ間転送したり単一データを指定して転送する(レクタングルフィルに効果を発揮)ことができます。. 6 V application supply and I/Os POR, PDR, PVD and BOR 4-to-26 MHz crystal oscillator Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy). This can be used to draw moving objects, rectangles, circles very fast without a lot of work. - Competitive research presentations on: 1) "STM Chrom-ART accelerator (DMA2D)" comparing it with Freescale K70's LCD-TFT controller; 2) Low power mode comparison between FSL and STM. Examples are provided to explain low level programming and particularly how to use the software package provided by ST. STM32F429 Chrom-Art Accelerator (DMA2D) is a specialized DMA dedicated to image manipulation. حالا می خوام بدونم واحد DMA2D چی هست و چه کار بردی در بخش به خصوص راه اندازی LCD داره و از طرفی معنی و مفهموم Chrom-ART Accelerator در بخش DMA2D چی هست ؟؟. Stm32f429 price STM32446E-EVAL - Evaluation board with STM32F446ZE , it includes an ST-LINK/V2 embedded debug tool, a 3. The interface to the DMA2D is not part of the emWin library it is placed in the LCDConf. The following figure, taken from the STM32F429 reference manual, shows the. - Competitive research presentations on: 1) “STM Chrom-ART accelerator (DMA2D)” comparing it with Freescale K70’s LCD-TFT controller; 2) Low power mode comparison between FSL and STM. With its integrated Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator (DMA2D) with supporting SDRAM, LCD and camera drivers and Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F429 is leading a revolution in graphics use in microcontroller applications. Its features include: Two input pixel format converters (PFC). If you use a hardware without DMA2D you will have to adapt the LCDConf. 6 V application supply and I/Os – POR, PDR, PVD and BOR – 4-to-26 MHz crystal oscillator – Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy) – 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration. 2 MSPS in triple interleaved mode; 2×12-bit D/A converters; General-purpose DMA: 16-stream DMA controller with FIFOs and burst support; Serial wire debug (SWD)& JTAG. 1 DMA2D 简介 Chrom-Art Accelerator (DMA2D) 是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA。. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ 13 •The Chrom-ART combines both a DMA2D and graphic oriented functionality for image blending and pixel format conversion. I'd like to prefetch data from Flash into the 8 rows of 128 bits of data cache of the ART, without stalling execution. Stm32f429 price STM32446E-EVAL - Evaluation board with STM32F446ZE , it includes an ST-LINK/V2 embedded debug tool, a 3. 要充分利用本应用笔记，用户应熟悉STM32 Chrom-ART Accelerator™（DMA2D），如 STM32L4x6 基于 Arm® 的高级 32 位 MCU参考手册（RM0351）和STM32L4Rxxx/L4Sxxx 基于 Arm®的高级32位MCU参考手册（RM0432）中所述内容（可从意法半导体的网站www. 无需增加研发成本，不影响电池续航能力，为智能物品带来更丰富的功能意法半导体（STMicroelectronics，简称ST）推出新款微控制器芯片，让穿戴式装置、智能家电产品等物联网（IOT, Internet of Things）应用具有出色的图形处理性能，实现像智能手机一样的直观的图形用户界面。. EasyGUI is free embedded GUI framework for STM32 development tools who features DMA2D Chrom-ART accelerator for graphics. 1 Введение DMA2D Chrom-Art Accelerator ™ (DMA2D) - это специализированный. Electronic Components & Supplies Stm32f429igt6 Active Components Ic , Find Complete Details about Electronic Components & Supplies Stm32f429igt6 Active Components Ic,Stm32f429igt6,Stm32f4,Stm32f429 from Microcontrollers, Standard and Specialty Supplier or Manufacturer-Shenzhen Asco Electronic Co. The more often the framebuffer is updated, the more fluent the animations are (animation fps). Let us know the results of testing to the max clock speed and the result of enabling the L1 chace and ART accelerator. Contribute to MaJerle/stm32f429 development by creating an account on GitHub. - Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) for enhanced graphic content creation - Chrom-GRC™ (GFXMMU) allowing up to 20% of graphic resources optimization -MIPI® DSI Host controller with two DSI lanes running at up to 500 Mbits/s each - LCD-TFT controller • 16x timers: 2 x 16-bit advanced motor-control,. ST's unique Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) (DMA2D) offloads repetitive 2D-graphics calculations from the main CPU. 6 V application supply and I/Os POR, PDR, PVD and BOR 4-to-26 MHz crystal oscillator Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy). Unfortunately, the STM32F7 does not have such a drawing engine. ST's Chrom-ART TM Accelerator function or DMA2D is supported in this library. 1 ns max resolution) • 2× 32-bit timers with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input (up to 240 MHz). I'm still trying to figure out what's involved in getting the Chrom-ART DMA2D controller to do something. • DMA2D offloads the CPU for operations like rectangle filling, rectangle copy (with or without pixel format conversion), and image blending • DMA2D goes faster than the CPU for the equivalent operation TFT Controller Internal Flash Internal SRAM External Memory Controller Chrom-ART AcceleratorCortex (DMA2D) -M4 Bus Matrix External memory 10. v STM32L496 sú dve CAN jednotky). 따라서 완료 시점까지 좀 여유있게 프로그램 메모리를 더 할당해야 해서 Sector 0~3 까지 64KB 를 할당하고, 아깝지만 EEPROM 영역을 Sector4(64KB) 로 할당을 해야 겠습니다. Former customer have to sign up again but old website can still checkout here. Chrom-ART Accelerator? for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management. With its integrated Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator (DMA2D) with supporting SDRAM, LCD and camera drivers and Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F429 is leading a revolution in graphics use in microcontroller applications. View STM32F745xx, STM32F746xx Datasheet from STMicroelectronics at Digikey. 首先，Chrom-Art Accelerator™也称为DMA2D，说白了就是个加强版的DMA。DMA我们知道，其实就是一个内存复制器。而DMA2D，则是可以在复制内存的过程中对数据进行一些图像相关的处理，通过这种硬件处理来加快2D操作的速度。. Ultra-low-power with FlexPowerControl 3. if you see in Reference Manual and Technical Data Sheet you will see some part like "Chrom-Art Accelerator. STM32F746NG 32b MCU+FPU Components datasheet pdf data sheet FREE from Datasheet4U. 하지만, 지금 현재 개발 중인 APP 소스 크기가 39KB 에 달해서 Sector 0,1,2 를 사용하고 있습니다. It is based on DMA transmission from graphic to memory in top possible speed. The Chrom-ART accelerator allows on-the-fly conversion between some common formats, as well as blending (alpha) and DMA-controlled windowed copy. The Chrom-ART accelerator is built around a 2D DMA engine for fast data copy with specific functions to support pixel format conversion as well as blending operations between two planes. ST's unique Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) (DMA2D) offloads repetitive 2D-graphics calculations from the main CPU. For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office. Incidentally, the DMA2D engine is indeed called the Chrom-ART Accelerator. Important info. DMA2D（Chrom-Art Accelerator™）是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA，就是Chrom-Art加速器控制器DMA2D可以执行如下的几个工作：1、用特定颜色填充目标图像的一部分或全部2、将源. Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) is a 2D Direct Memory Access (DMA2D) peripheral able to directly access, decode, and blend image date and output directly to an LCD display. Fortunately STM32F429 has Chrom-Art accelerator build it that we can offload some operations to. Important info. DMA2D（Chrom-Art Accelerator™）是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA，就是Chrom-Art加速器控制器DMA2D可以执行如下的几个工作：1、用特定颜色填充目标图像的一部分或全部2、将源. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D), graphical hardware accelerator SDRAM-Controller SDRAM up to 32 Mbyte QSPI-NOR-Flash up to 16 MByte Ethernet PHY LAN8720 STM32F469 I/Os QSPI RMII WDOG 2x USB (Host/ Device/OTG) GPIOs SAI 12Bit DAC PWM SDIO Ethernet MAC 12Bit ADC Internal Flash 512, 1024 and 2048 Mbyte available Quad-SPI Interface up to 384 Kbyte. yes, you could use emWin also on a STM32 without the Chrome Art accelerator (DMA2D). chrom-art accelerator™ 控制器 (dma2d) rm0090 11. 1 Введение DMA2D Chrom-Art Accelerator ™ (DMA2D) - это специализированный. It also features with a graphical accelerator called Chrom-ART (aka DMA2D). OTG controllers support both roles and can be called Dual-Role Devices controllers. December 2016DocID029041 Rev 41/255STM32F765xx STM32F767xxSTM32F768Ax STM32F769xxARM®-based Cortex®-M7 32b MCU+FPU, 462DMIPS, up to 2MB Flash/512+16+4KBRAM, USB OTG HS/FS, ethernet, 18 TIMs, 3 ADCs, 28 com itf, cam, LCD, DSIDatasheet- production data. LCD-TFT controller up to XGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management - 1. The Chrom-ART accelerator offers true hardware acceleration for graphical operations. I'd like to prefetch data from Flash into the 8 rows of 128 bits of data cache of the ART, without stalling execution. When thinking of graphics accelerator one easily thinks current high-end PC graphics board and their embedded alternatives, with massive binary-only drivers and inaccessible datasheets the manufacturer might quickly flash for you, assuming you visit their office, pass background check and lie detector test and sign an NDA. This is powerful tool in STM32F429/39 or STM32F427/29 devices. DMA2D (also known as The Chrom-Art Accelerator) is a specialized DMA dedicated to image manipulation. ARM®32-bit Cortex®-M7 + FPU + Chrom-ART Accelerator 216 MHz max CPU frequency stm32f7 dma2d, stm32f7 discovery arduino, stm32f7 discovery linux, stm32f7 dac,. post-8384422044977617747. The STM32L4+ Series is an ultra-low-power microcontrollers family based on the high-performance Arm® Cortex®-M4 32-bit RISC core. With its integrated Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator (DMA2D) with supporting SDRAM, LCD and camera drivers and Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F429 is leading a revolution in graphics use in microcontroller applications. LCD-TFT controller up to VGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock,. The internal LTDC (LCD/TFT - Display Controller) is connected to a 64Mbit SD-RAM. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) 1 x RTC (battery buffered) via CR1632 Holder: 1 x If you require any other feature, please contact emtrion!. • Chrom-ART Accelerator™ graphical hardware accelerator (DMA2D) for enhanced GUI to reduce CPU load • Hardware JPEG Codec. Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) is a 2D Direct Memory Access (DMA2D) peripheral able to directly access, decode, and blend image date and output directly to an LCD display. New STM32F429 Discovery board. The Chrom-ART accelerator is built around a 2D DMA engine for fast data copy with specific functions to support pixel format conversion as well as blending operations between two planes. 1 DMA2D 소개 Chrom-ART Accelerator ™ (DMA2D)는 이미지 조작 전용 DMA입니다. It supports the following functions: • Rectangle filling with a fixed color • Rectangle copy • Rectangle copy with pixel format conversion. Memory-to-memory with pixel format conversion and blending. [STM32F4x9] DMA2D(Chrom-Art Accelerator) 는 어떻게/어디에 쓰는가?. Two general purpose DMA controllers and dedicated DMAs for Ethernet, high-speed USB On-The-Go and the Chrom-ART graphic accelerator. It was developed (and is still in development phase) for master degree on. Dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) 8- to 14-bit camera interface up to 32 MHz (black&white) or 10 MHz (color) Memories Up to 1 MB Flash, 2 banks read-while-write, proprietary code readout protection; 320 KB of SRAM including 64 KB with hardware parity check. Library 51- Chrom-ART Accelerator (DMA2D) graphic library Stm32f4-discovery. • 원본 이미지의 일부 또는 전체를 대상 이미지의 일부 또는 전체에 복사. Chrom-ART graphical hardware Accelerator™ (DMA2D) to reduce CPU load. 返回 EDA 和設計工具 Digi-Key 的工具獨家連結全球最豐富的電子元件品項，有助您因應迎面而來的設計難題。. Read rendered documentation, see the history of any file, and collaborate with contributors on projects across GitHub. Up to 22 timers and watchdogs • 1× high-resolution timer (2. This general purpose microcontroller with FPU, adaptive real time accelerator (ART Accelerator) and L1 cache has 32bit RISC core operating at up to 216MHz frequency. The STM32F746ZGT6 is a STM32F7 series high performance ARM based Cortex-M7 32bit microcontroller in 144 pin LQFP package. 11 Chrom-Art Accelerator™ 控制器 (DMA2D) 本章适用于 STM32F42xxx 和 STM32F43xxx 系列。 11. Figure 2 shows the internal structure of the DMA2D and integrated features that make it particularly advantageous for managing graphics. interfaces, camera & LCD-TFTDatasheet - production dataFeatures• Core: ARM ® 32-bit Cortex ® -M4 CPU with FPU, Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator. By using the Chrom-ART engine, it is possible to relieve the main CPU of some repetitive 2D-graphic operations, such as 2D copies, transparency, or alpha blending. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) for enhanced graphic content creation Chrom-GRC™ (GFXMMU) allowing up to 20% of graphic resources optimization MIPI ® DSI Host controller with two DSI lanes running at up to 500 Mbits/s each LCD-TFT controller. It allows users to upgrade their EvoPrimer development platforms for evaluation of the STM32F429ZI featuring Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D), which allows rapid and easy enhancement of graphics on the platforms color touch screen. Chrom-Art Accelerator控制器 (DMA2D),电子发烧友网站提供各种电子电路，电路图，原理图,IC资料，技术文章，免费下载等资料，是广大电子工程师所喜爱电子资料网站。. Input pixel format conversion. Flexible memory controller (FMC) Page 64. _chips: Chips ===== I love Integrated Circuits (chips) so this is a page about them. 11 Контроллер Chrom-Art Accelerator ™ (DMA2D) 11. To offload the CPU of raw data copy, the Chrom-ART is able to copy a part of a graphic content into another part of a graphic content, or simply to fill an part of a graphic content. Its features include: Two input pixel format converters (PFC). Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management 1. DMA2D (Chrom-ART Accelerator) demonstration (EvoPrimer STM32F429I only) Presentation. stm32f429的两个超清视频欣赏（来自国外某视频网站） [复制链接] 上一主题下一主题. Digi-Key has the product portfolio, service, tools, resources, and know-how to support students and educators in their quest for STEM education. Перевод мануала. _chips: Chips ===== I love Integrated Circuits (chips) so this is a page about them. Also, as was the case for some STM32L4, the STM32L4+ embeds the Chrom-ART Accelerator (DMA2D), which optimizes certain graphics computations. 2 dma2d 控制通过 dma2d 控制寄存器 (dma2d_cr) 配置 dma2d 控制器，允许选择：用户应用可以执行下列操作：选择工作模式使能/ 禁止 dma2d 中断启动/ 挂起/ 中止进行中的数据传输 11. Anti aliased fonts, on the other hand, will be drawn by using the DMA2D. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) 1 x JTAG: 1 x RTC (battery buffered) 1 x If you require any other feature, please contact. Does keil support it in its emWin middleware library?. ST's unique Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) (DMA2D) offloads repetitive 2D-graphics calculations from the main CPU. 0 high-speed in full-speed, device/host/OTG with on-chip full-speed PHY. May 2013 Doc ID 023140 Rev 2 1/1021STM32F429xxARM Cortex-M4 32b MCU+FPU, 225DMIPS, up to 2MB Flash/256+4KB RAM, USBOTG HS/FS, Ethernet, 17 TIMs, 3 ADCs, 20 comm. Incidentally, the DMA2D engine is indeed called the Chrom-ART Accelerator. By using the Chrom-ART engine, it is possible to relieve the main CPU of some repetitive 2D-graphic operations, such as 2D copies, transparency, or alpha blending. The configuration of the Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) (full or partial refresh) is done by programming specific registers through the high level HAL library function as shown in. Chrom-ART Accelerator (DMA2D), graphical hardware accelerator enabling enhanced graphical user interface Hardware JPEG codec LCD-TFT controller supporting up to XGA resolution MIPI® DSI host controller supporting up to 720p 30 Hz resolution € Clock, reset and supply management 1. The configuration of the Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) (full or partial refresh) is done by programming specific registers through the high level HAL library function as shown in. VOLUNTEER WITH US - chrom-art. With its integrated Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator (DMA2D) with supporting SDRAM, LCD and camera drivers and Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F429 is leading a revolution in graphics use in microcontroller applications. By using the Chrom-ART engine, it is possible to relieve the main CPU of some repetitive 2D-graphic operations, such as 2D copies, transparency, or alpha blending. stm32f429的两个超清视频欣赏（来自国外某视频网站） [复制链接] 上一主题下一主题. 6 V application supply and I/Os • POR, PDR, PVD and BOR. Dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) 8- to 14-bit camera interface up to 32 MHz (black&white) or 10 MHz (color) MemoriesUp to 1 MB Flash, 2 banks read-while-write, proprietary code readout protection; 320 KB of SRAM including 64 KB with hardware parity check. Contribute to MaJerle/stm32f429 development by creating an account on GitHub. ” Contest participants will implement applications on the STM32F429 EvoPrimer development platform. 따라서 완료 시점까지 좀 여유있게 프로그램 메모리를 더 할당해야 해서 Sector 0~3 까지 64KB 를 할당하고, 아깝지만 EEPROM 영역을 Sector4(64KB) 로 할당을 해야 겠습니다. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) for enhanced graphic content creation Chrom-GRC™ (GFXMMU) allowing up to 20% of graphic resources optimization MIPI® DSI Host controller with two DSI lanes running at up to 500 Mbits/s each LCD-TFT controller. Buy STM32F746IGT6 - STMICROELECTRONICS - ARM MCU, ART Accelerator, STM32 Family STM32F7 Series Microcontrollers, ARM Cortex-M7, 32bit at Farnell. CREATING DRIVER How our system works In our MCU (STM32F746) LCD-TFT controller, internal FLASH, SRAM and DMA2D(Chrom-ART Accelerator) are connected to multi-AHB(Advanced High-performance Bus) matrix. This is powerful tool in STM32F429/39 or STM32F427/29 devices. 1 ns max resolution) • 2× 32-bit timers with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input (up to 240 MHz). * Keil project example for ST's Chrom-ART Accelerator (DMA2D) *. I began to create a new project in File/New/C Project and I chose Empty project with Ac6 STM32 MCU GCC tool chain and on a next page I have selected my board's type. Chrom-Art Accelerator Controller (DMA2D) DMA2D overview DMA2D functional description DMA2D control DMA2D foreground and background FIFOs, pixel format converter (PFC) and CLUT interface DMA2D blender DMA2D output PFC and FIFO DMA2D AHB master port timer DMA2D transactions and configuration DMA2D transfer control DMA2D interrupts. DMA2D Master 4 High Speed USB2. Контроллер Chrom-Art Accelerator ™ (DMA2D). Chrom-ART graphical hardware Accelerator™ (DMA2D) to reduce CPU load Hardware JPEG Codec. UM1725 User Manual. 2 dma2d 控制通过 dma2d 控制寄存器 (dma2d_cr) 配置 dma2d 控制器，允许选择：用户应用可以执行下列操作：选择工作模式使能/ 禁止 dma2d 中断启动/ 挂起/ 中止进行中的数据传输 11. * Keil project example for ST's Chrom-ART Accelerator (DMA2D) *. org Relying entirely on volunteers, Chrom-Art is a nomadic space that will usually materialize into a pop-up gallery & meeting space in various venues across London. May 2013 Doc ID 023140 Rev 2 1/1021STM32F429xxARM Cortex-M4 32b MCU+FPU, 225DMIPS, up to 2MB Flash/256+4KB RAM, USBOTG HS/FS, Ethernet, 17 TIMs, 3 ADCs, 20 comm. ST's Chrom-ART TM Accelerator function or DMA2D is supported in this library. Unfortunately, the STM32F7 does not have such a drawing engine. The DMA2D hardware Chrom-ART Accelerator is the commercial name for STMicroelectronics’ implementation of the DMA2D peripheral on the STM32F429. 따라서 완료 시점까지 좀 여유있게 프로그램 메모리를 더 할당해야 해서 Sector 0~3 까지 64KB 를 할당하고, 아깝지만 EEPROM 영역을 Sector4(64KB) 로 할당을 해야 겠습니다. Click Clock Configuration at the top menu and set clock options as on the following screenshot: Nest we need to configure Chrom-ART Accelerator (Click Config at the top of window and then select DMA2D):. • DMA2D provides a true graphical acceleration • DMA2D offloads the CPU for operations like rectangle filling, rectangle copy (with or without pixel format conversion), and image blending • DMA2D goes faster than the CPU for the equivalent operation TFT Controller Internal Flash Internal SRAM External Memory Controller Chrom-ART Accelerator. Contribute to MaJerle/stm32f429 development by creating an account on GitHub. Chrom-ART Accelerator (DMA2D), graphical hardware accelerator enabling enhanced graphical user interface Hardware JPEG codec LCD-TFT controller supporting up to XGA resolution MIPI® DSI host controller supporting up to 720p 30 Hz resolution € Clock, reset and supply management 1. Chrom-ART graphical hardware Accelerator™ （DMA2D） to reduce CPU load. Let us know the results of testing to the max clock speed and the result of enabling the L1 chace and ART accelerator. vip 8000份会员年终大奖：网红潮品hi-fi音箱＆雨伞界的劳斯莱斯; 大幅提升研发创新能力，世强硬创沙龙带来2020年新产品前瞻; premo发布采用无线电源传输技术的wc-rx系列接收器天线（次级线圈），应用于电动汽车无线充电领域. STM32L4R9AII6 Ultra-low-power Arm® Cortex®-M4 32-bit MCU+FPU, to 2MB Flash, 640KB SRAM, LCD-TFT & MIPI DSI, ext. STMicroelectronics STM3242IPRIM-D MCU Target Board is for the evaluation of the STM32F429ZI MCU. It is based on DMA transmission from graphic to memory in top possible speed. interfaces, camera & LCD-TFTData briefFeatures• Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M4 CPU with FPU, Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing. nový STM32L496 líši predovšetkým pridaním DMA2D jednotky (čo je defacto jednoduchší grafický akcelerátor, ktorý ST označuje ako Chrom-ART Accelerator™), rozhrania pre digitálnu kameru DCMI a pribudla aj jedna CAN jednotka naviac (t. The Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) can update the whole image on the display (full refresh) or only a part of it (partial refresh). Life After Pi Over the last few years, there have been a plethora of sub $100 modular development and demo boards from all different sources and, although the price points are all similar, the user experience, functionality and flexibility differ immensely. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ 是一个2D直接内存访问（DMA2D, 2D Direct Memory Access）外设，能够直接存取、解碼及混合图像数据，并直接输出到LCD液晶显示器。来源：EEWorld stm32/stm8板块，转载请附上链接. interfaces, camera & LCD-TFTDatasheet - production dataFeatures• Core: ARM ® 32-bit Cortex ® -M4 CPU with FPU, Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator. Chrom-ART graphical hardware Accelerator™ (DMA2D) to reduce CPU load. I am asking this because in the AN4996 it is said "the Chrom-Art Accelerator™ peripheral (also called DMA2D) allows to convert YCbCr blocks (output of the JPEG decoder) to RGB pixels ready for display. This general purpose microcontroller with FPU, adaptive real time accelerator (ART Accelerator) and L1 cache has 32bit RISC core operating at up to 216MHz frequency. Important info. It can perform 2D copies, transparency and alpha-blending operations, as well as pixel. Chrom-Art Accelerator 控制器 (DMA2D)RM0090. • Chrom-ART graphical hardware Accelerator™ (DMA2D) to reduce CPU load • Hardware JPEG Codec Up to 22 timers and watchdogs • 1× high-resolution timer (2. STM32F469ZI：High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI. controller up to SVGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Ø Clock, reset and supply management • 1. The Chrom-ART is a very interesting piece of hardware, especially for those who want to draw bitmap-based stuff. ST's unique Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) (DMA2D) offloads repetitive 2D-graphics calculations from the main CPU. Up to 1 MB Flash, 2 banks read-while-write, proprietary code readout protection; 320 KB of SRAM including 64 KB with hardware parity check. Embedded Wizard simplifies your GUI Development on STM32 and lets you create high-performance Graphical User Interfaces with minimal effort. EagleGet is a universal download accelerator that supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, MMS and RTSP protocols. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D), graphical hardware accelerator SDRAM-Controller SDRAM up to 32 Mbyte QSPI-NOR-Flash up to 16 MByte Ethernet PHY LAN8720 STM32F469 I/Os QSPI RMII WDOG 2x USB (Host/ Device/OTG) GPIOs SAI 12Bit DAC PWM SDIO Ethernet MAC 12Bit ADC Internal Flash 512, 1024 and 2048 Mbyte available Quad-SPI Interface up to 384 Kbyte. This is information on a product in full production. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D), graphical hardware accelerator enabling enhanced graphical user interface Hardware JPEG codec LCD-TFT controller supporting up to XGA resolution MIPI® DSI host controller supporting up to 720p 30 Hz resolution Clock, reset and supply management 1. 6 V application supply and I/Os - POR， PDR， PVD and BOR - 4-to-26 MHz crystal oscillator. * Keil project example for ST's Chrom-ART Accelerator (DMA2D) *. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ 13 •The Chrom-ART combines both a DMA2D and graphic oriented functionality for image blending and pixel format conversion. The main board is based on the STM32F439 microcontroller with emphasis on maximizing the use of integrated graphics accelerator DMA2D (Chrom-Art Accelerator). *Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) -Ethernet *10/100 Mbps Ethernet interfaces based on Microchip KSZ8081RNAIAEthernet PHY - I/O - 1 x USB 2. LCD-TFT controller up to XGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management - 1. 2 dma2d 控制通过 dma2d 控制寄存器 (dma2d_cr) 配置 dma2d 控制器，允许选择：用户应用可以执行下列操作：选择工作模式使能/ 禁止 dma2d 中断启动/ 挂起/ 中止进行中的数据传输 11. 要充分利用本应用笔记，用户应熟悉STM32 Chrom-ART Accelerator™（DMA2D），如 STM32L4x6 基于 Arm® 的高级 32 位 MCU参考手册（RM0351）和STM32L4Rxxx/L4Sxxx 基于 Arm®的高级32位MCU参考手册（RM0432）中所述内容（可从意法半导体的网站www. Application memory for graphical primitives and frame buffer are positioned in the external SDRAM memory. " But is this DMA2D conversion possible if I don't use the JPEG decoder ? The chain would be :. STM32F429 Chrom‐ART Accelerator™ The DMA2D hardware Chrom‐ART Accelerator™ is the commercial appellation for STMicroelectronics' implementation of the DMA2D peripheral on the STM32F429. USB standard defines host and device roles. The new STM32F429 EvoPrimer / Open4 has been released. It provides support for a few simple, but important operations (filling buffer with colour. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ 是一个2D直接内存访问（DMA2D, 2D Direct Memory Access）外设，能够直接存取、解碼及混合图像数据，并直接输出到LCD液晶显示器。. • LCD-TFT controller up to XGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation （DMA2D） • Clock， reset and supply management - 1. By using the Chrom-ART engine, it is possible to relieve the main CPU of some repetitive 2D-graphic operations, such as 2D copies, transparency, or alpha blending. Created in cooperation with STMicroelectronics. emtrion's software specialists support customers since over 20 years when it comes to developing drivers, board support packages, industrial field busses, applications as well as virtualization, real-time and SoftSPS solutions. With 640 Kbytes of embedded RAM, graphics performance (Chrom-ART Accelerator™), and DSI controller, the STM32L4R9 Discovery kit enables users to easily prototype applications with state-of-the-art energy efficiency, as well as stunning audio and graphics. ASUS is a leading company driven by innovation and commitment to quality for products that include notebooks, netbooks, motherboards, graphics cards, displays, desktop PCs, servers, wireless solutions, mobile phones and networking devices. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) 1 x JTAG: 1 x RTC (battery buffered) 1 x If you require any other feature, please contact. This general purpose microcontroller with FPU, adaptive real time accelerator (ART Accelerator) and L1 cache has 32bit RISC core operating at up to 216MHz frequency. Memory-to-memory with pixel format conversion and blending. To offload the CPU of raw data copy, the Chrom-ART is able to copy a part of a graphic content into another part of a graphic content, or simply to fill an part of a graphic content with. Up to 22 timers and watchdogs • 1× high-resolution timer (2. Dużą wydajność w aplikacjach graficznych mikrokontrolerey STM32F429/439 osiągają dzięki wbudowanemu koprocesorowi graficznemu Chrom-Art (DMA2D), który od strony konstrukcyjnej jest wyspecjalizowanym kanałem DMA. I'm still trying to figure out what's involved in getting the Chrom-ART DMA2D controller to do something. It also features with a graphical accelerator called Chrom-ART (aka DMA2D). DMA2D（Chrom-Art Accelerator™）是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA，就是Chrom-Art加速器控制器DMA2D可以执行如下的几个工作：1、用特定颜色填充目标图像的一部分或全部2、将源图像的一部分（或全部）复制到目标图像的一部分（或全部）中3、通过像素格式转换将源图像的一部分或全部复制到目标图像的一部分. 6 V power supply 85/125 °C temperature range Batch acquisition mode (BAM) nA in VBAT. Input pixel format conversion. Embedded Wizard GUI Application on an STM32F7 Discovery Board - Embedded Wizard GUI Application on an STM32F7 Discovery Board based on an ARM Cortex-M7 core using Chrom-ART This Embedded Wizard HMI application demonstrates a touch-GUI for a washing machine, an industrial cutting machine and a climate cabinet. We have launched Study Focus and Sleep Music Android Mobile App. Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) is a 2D Direct Memory Access (DMA2D) peripheral able to directly access, decode, and blend image date and output directly to an LCD display. 1 DMA2D 简介 Chrom-Art Accelerator (DMA2D) 是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA。. Features of STM32F407. DMA2D（Chrom-Art Accelerator™）是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA，就是Chrom-Art加速器控制器DMA2D可以执行如下的几个工作：1、用特定颜色填充目标图像的一部分或全部2、将源图像的一部分（或全部）复制到目标图像的一部分（或全部）中3、通过像素格式转换将源图像的一部分或全部复制到目标图像的一部分. Does keil support it in its emWin middleware library?. emtrion's software specialists support customers since over 20 years when it comes to developing drivers, board support packages, industrial field busses, applications as well as virtualization, real-time and SoftSPS solutions. Input pixel format conversion. It is based on DMA transmission from graphic to memory in top possible speed. Font special modes. For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office. View STM32F745xx, STM32F746xx Datasheet from STMicroelectronics at Digikey. STM32F469ZI：High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI. c which provides the interface to the hardware. With its integrated Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator (DMA2D) with supporting SDRAM, LCD and camera drivers and Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F429 is leading a revolution in graphics use in. Embedded Wizard is highly adapted to support STMicroelectronics' variety of STM32 microcontrollers in a best way by using ST's 2D graphics accelerator Chrom-ART™. EasyGUI is in general platform independant, highly optimized for STM32 Chrom-ART DMA2D peripheral, GUI for embedded systems or PC applications. org Relying entirely on volunteers, Chrom-Art is a nomadic space that will usually materialize into a pop-up gallery & meeting space in various venues across London. DMA2D (Chrom-ART Accelerator) Transformation demonstration (EvoPrimer STM32F429I only) Presentation. 6 V application supply and I/Os - POR, PDR, PVD and BOR - 4-to-26 MHz crystal oscillator - Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy) - 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration. 5 ns max resolution） 2× 32-bit timers with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature （incremental） encoder input （up to 200 MHz）. December 2016DocID029041 Rev 41/255STM32F765xx STM32F767xxSTM32F768Ax STM32F769xxARM®-based Cortex®-M7 32b MCU+FPU, 462DMIPS, up to 2MB Flash/512+16+4KBRAM, USB OTG HS/FS, ethernet, 18 TIMs, 3 ADCs, 28 com itf, cam, LCD, DSIDatasheet- production data. stm32f429的两个超清视频欣赏（来自国外某视频网站） [复制链接] 上一主题下一主题. View STM32F745xx, STM32F746xx Datasheet from STMicroelectronics at Digikey. The Cortex®-M4. Chrom-Art Accelerator (DMA2D) 是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA。它可以执行下列操作：用特定颜色填充目标图像的一部分或全部. Fortunately STM32F429 has Chrom-Art accelerator build it that we can offload some operations to. Click Clock Configuration at the top menu and set clock options as on the following screenshot: Nest we need to configure Chrom-ART Accelerator (Click Config at the top of window and then select DMA2D):. The STM32 Chrom-ART Application Design Contest – an open competition for application designers using the STM32F429 microcontroller, Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator and the EvoPrimer development platform. ST’s Chrom-ART TM Accelerator function or DMA2D is supported in this library. The tool includes a color TFT touchscreen and a complete compiling and debugging tool set. [STM32F4x9] DMA2D(Chrom-Art Accelerator) 는 어떻게/어디에 쓰는가?. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) for enhanced graphic content creation Chrom-GRC™ (GFXMMU) allowing up to 20% of graphic resources optimization MIPI ® DSI Host controller with two DSI lanes running at up to 500 Mbits/s each LCD-TFT controller. I am asking this because in the AN4996 it is said "the Chrom-Art Accelerator™ peripheral (also called DMA2D) allows to convert YCbCr blocks (output of the JPEG decoder) to RGB pixels ready for display. 2" 240 x 320 TFT LCD with resistive touchscreen, USB HS & FS, USART, IrDA, CAN. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management 1. To offload the CPU of raw data copy, the Chrom-ART is able to copy a part of a graphic content into another part of a graphic content, or simply to fill an part of a graphic content. It offers a 2-Dimensional Direct Memory Access (DMA2D) peripheral for managing and displaying graphics on TFT LCD screens. ACSYS offers a large set of courses on ST processors. Programowanie Procesorów Sygnałowych: Procesor STM32F407 17 Chrom-Art Accelerator™ controller (DMA2D). Examples are provided to explain low level programming and particularly how to use the software package provided by ST. The main board is based on the STM32F439 microcontroller with emphasis on maximizing the use of integrated graphics accelerator DMA2D (Chrom-Art Accelerator). 2" 240 x 320 TFT LCD with resistive touchscreen, USB HS & FS, USART, IrDA, CAN. Buy STM32F746IGT6 - STMICROELECTRONICS - ARM MCU, ART Accelerator, STM32 Family STM32F7 Series Microcontrollers, ARM Cortex-M7, 32bit at Farnell. View STM32F745xx, STM32F746xx Datasheet from STMicroelectronics at Digikey. 5 ns max resolution) • 2× 32-bit timers with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input. Let us know the results of testing to the max clock speed and the result of enabling the L1 chace and ART accelerator. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management 1. Memory-to-memory with pixel format conversion and blending. Features of STM32F407. Chrom-Art Accelerator™ controller (DMA2D) Page 255. work on the STM32F429 target by using the 2D hardware accelerator DMA2D - but. LCD-TFT controller up to XGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management1. Unfortunately, the STM32F7 does not have such a drawing engine. ST's unique Chrom-ART Accelerator(TM) (DMA2D) offloads repetitive 2D-graphics calculations from the main CPU. STMicroelectronics STM3242IPRIM-D MCU Target Board is for the evaluation of the STM32F429ZI MCU. Digi-Key has the product portfolio, service, tools, resources, and know-how to support students and educators in their quest for STEM education. Back Academic Program. Incidentally, the DMA2D engine is indeed called the Chrom-ART Accelerator. 2" 240 x 320 TFT LCD with resistive touchscreen, USB HS & FS, USART, IrDA, CAN. Digi-Key’s tools are uniquely paired with access to the world’s largest selection of electronic components to help you meet your design challenges head-on. Figure 2 shows the internal structure of the DMA2D and integrated features that make it particularly advantageous for managing graphics. Programowanie Procesorów Sygnałowych: Procesor STM32F407 17 Chrom-Art Accelerator™ controller (DMA2D). LCD-TFT controller up to SVGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D). May 2013 Doc ID 023140 Rev 2 1/1021STM32F429xxARM Cortex-M4 32b MCU+FPU, 225DMIPS, up to 2MB Flash/256+4KB RAM, USBOTG HS/FS, Ethernet, 17 TIMs, 3 ADCs, 20 comm. Chrom-Art Accelerator Controller (DMA2D) DMA2D overview DMA2D functional description DMA2D control DMA2D foreground and background FIFOs, pixel format converter (PFC) and CLUT interface DMA2D blender DMA2D output PFC and FIFO DMA2D AHB master port timer DMA2D transactions and configuration DMA2D transfer control DMA2D interrupts. STM32F429 Chrom-Art Accelerator (DMA2D) is a specialized DMA dedicated to image manipulation. The STM32F756ZGT6 is a STM32F7 series high performance ARM based Cortex-M7 32bit microcontroller in 144 pin LQFP package. 6 V application supply and I/Os. If you see in Datasheet and User Guide and Refrence manual and Programming manual, you will know that you can't find any part with this name> "DSP(unit)" or "DSP instructions set" because the DSP is not a peripheral! it is a part of core. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D), graphical hardware accelerator enabling enhanced graphical user interface Hardware JPEG codec LCD-TFT controller supporting up to XGA resolution MIPI® DSI host controller supporting up to 720p 30 Hz resolution Clock, reset and supply management 1. " To initialize it:. interfaces, camera & LCD-TFT Datasheet - production data Features • Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M4 CPU with FPU, Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART LQFP100 (14 × 14 mm) Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait state execution LQFP144 (20 × 20 mm) UFBGA169 (7. 6 V application supply and I/Os • POR, PDR, PVD and BOR. The STM32F756IGK6 is a STM32F7 series high performance ARM based Cortex-M7 32bit microcontroller in 176 pin UFBGA package. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) for enhanced graphic content creation Chrom-GRC™ (GFXMMU) allowing up to 20% of graphic resources optimization MIPI® DSI Host controller with two DSI lanes running at up to 500 Mbits/s each LCD-TFT controller. Chrom-ART Accelerator™ 是一个2D直接内存访问（DMA2D, 2D Direct Memory Access）外设，能够直接存取、解碼及混合图像数据，并直接输出到LCD液晶显示器。来源：EEWorld stm32/stm8板块，转载请附上链接. dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) • Clock, reset and supply management – 1. STM32F767IG Datasheet, 数据表, PDF - STMicroelectronics. Digi-Key’s tools are uniquely paired with access to the world’s largest selection of electronic components to help you meet your design challenges head-on. حالا می خوام بدونم واحد DMA2D چی هست و چه کار بردی در بخش به خصوص راه اندازی LCD داره و از طرفی معنی و مفهموم Chrom-ART Accelerator در بخش DMA2D چی هست ؟؟. Peripheral speed independent from CPU speed (dual clock support) allowing system clock changes without impacting the function of the peripherals. May 2013 Doc ID 023140 Rev 2 1/1021STM32F429xxARM Cortex-M4 32b MCU+FPU, 225DMIPS, up to 2MB Flash/256+4KB RAM, USBOTG HS/FS, Ethernet, 17 TIMs, 3 ADCs, 20 comm. dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) • Clock, reset and supply management - 1. 3 dma2d 前景层 fifo 和背景层 fifo dma2d 前景层. The configuration of the Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) (full or partial refresh) is done by programming specific registers through the high level HAL library function as shown in. index:: chips, chip pictures, integrated circuits,stm32l162rd. New STM32F429 Discovery board. • Chrome-ART (DMA2D) provides a true HW graphical acceleration • DMA2D offloads the CPU for operations like rectangle filling, rectangle copy (with or without pixel format conversion), and image blending. Up to 22 timers and watchdogs • 1× high-resolution timer (2. STM32L496/4A6/4Rx/4SxマイクロコントローラにおいてLCD-TFTディスプレイをリフレッシュするためのChrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D)の使い方. It is based on DMA transmission from graphic to memory in top possible speed. 6 V application supply and I/Os. STM32H743 имеет широкие возможности по обработке графики (графический ускоритель DMA2D, встроенный TFT контроллер, большой объем встроенной SRAM памяти для организации экранного буфера), позволяет. net ST's Chrom-ART TM Accelerator function or DMA2D is supported in this library. • DMA2D provides a true graphical acceleration • DMA2D offloads the CPU for operations like rectangle filling, rectangle copy (with or without pixel format conversion), and image blending • DMA2D goes faster than the CPU for the equivalent operation TFT Controller Internal Flash Internal SRAM External Memory Controller Chrom-ART Accelerator. When thinking of graphics accelerator one easily thinks current high-end PC graphics board and their embedded alternatives, with massive binary-only drivers and inaccessible datasheets the manufacturer might quickly flash for you, assuming you visit their office, pass background check and lie detector test and sign an NDA. The Chrom-ART accelerator is built around a 2D DMA engine for fast data copy with specific functions to support pixel format conversion as well as blending operations between two planes. I think those are not in OpenOCD version used by SW. This is powerful tool in STM32F429/39 or STM32F427/29 devices. The Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D) can update the whole image on the display (full refresh) or only a part of it (partial refresh). 11 Chrom-Art Accelerator™ 控制器 (DMA2D) 本章适用于 STM32F42xxx 和 STM32F43xxx 系列。 11. Input pixel format conversion. • DMA2D provides a true graphical acceleration • DMA2D offloads the CPU for operations like rectangle filling, rectangle copy (with or without pixel format conversion), and image blending • DMA2D goes faster than the CPU for the equivalent operation TFT Controller Internal Flash Internal SRAM External Memory Controller Chrom-ART Accelerator. 4 MSPS ADC: up to 24 channels and 7. 2、将源图像的一部分（或全部）复制到目标图像的一部分（或全部）中. GitHub makes it easy to scale back on context switching. 11 Chrom-Art Accelerator 控制器 (DMA2D) 本章适用于 STM32F42xxx 和 STM32F43xxx 系列。 11. 5 ns max resolution) • 2× 32-bit timers with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input. 1× high-resolution timer （2. DMA2D（Chrom-Art Accelerator™）是专用于图像处理的专业 DMA，就是Chrom-Art加速器控制器DMA2D可以执行如下的几个工作：1、用特定颜色填充目标图像的一部分或全部2、将源图像的一部分（或全部）复制到目标图像的一部分（或全部）中3、通过像素格式转换将源图像的一部分或全部复制到目标图像的一部分. v STM32L496 sú dve CAN jednotky). The Chrom-ART accelerator allows on-the-fly conversion between some common formats, as well as blending (alpha) and DMA-controlled windowed copy. With its integrated Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator (DMA2D) with supporting SDRAM, LCD and camera drivers and Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F429 is leading a revolution in graphics use in. Chrom-ART Accelerator是DMA2D，即用于图像处理的专业 DMA，根据ST提供的官方数据显示，在开启了Chrom-ART Accelerator之后，执行图画处理只占用了11%的CPU资源，而关闭Chrom-ART Accelerator则会消耗84%的CPU资源。. I would do some research on the embedded LCD controller (LTDC) and the Chrom-ART (DMA2D) peripheral. 6 V application supply and I/Os POR, PDR, PVD and BOR. The new STM32F429 EvoPrimer / Open4 has been released. Najlepiej chyba tymi rozwiązaniami bawić się na płytce STM32F429I-DISCO. Input pixel format conversion. emtrion’s software specialists support customers since over 20 years when it comes to developing drivers, board support packages, industrial field busses, applications as well as virtualization, real-time and SoftSPS solutions. Fortunately STM32F429 has Chrom-Art accelerator build it that we can offload some operations to. In this MCU the LCD controller modul is called LTDC (LCD TFT Display Controller). Chrom-ART Accelerator™ 是一个2D直接内存访问（DMA2D, 2D Direct Memory Access）外设，能够直接存取、解碼及混合图像数据，并直接输出到LCD液晶显示器。. With its integrated Chrom-ART Graphics Accelerator (DMA2D) with supporting SDRAM, LCD and camera drivers and Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F429 is leading a revolution in graphics use in microcontroller applications. The STM32F746NGH6 is a STM32F7 series high performance ARM based Cortex-M7 32bit microcontroller in 216 pin TFBGA package. 6 V application supply and I/Os; POR, PDR, PVD and. LCD-TFT controller up to XGA resolution with dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic content creation (DMA2D) Clock, reset and supply management1. It allows users to upgrade their EvoPrimer development platforms for evaluation of the STM32F429ZI featuring Chrom-ART Accelerator™ (DMA2D), which allows rapid and easy enhancement of graphics on the platforms color touch screen. com Blogger 47 1 25 tag:blogger. STM32F767IG Datasheet, 数据表, PDF - STMicroelectronics. It provides support for a few simple, but important operations (filling buffer with colour.